By now you should be fully aware of the dangers loud impulse noises pose to your hearing and you’re all about protecting your hearing from gunshots and maybe even from industrial noises. You’ve heard about the options you have and yet you’re still unsure as to how exactly to go about protecting one of your most precious natural gifts, the gift of hearing.

One thing that remains is that you simply can’t just go out and shoot firearms regularly without protection for your ears. Taking time to ensure you have the proper protection is worth way more than the irreversible damage you could suffer. Impaired hearing or severe and permanent hearing loss are destructive consequences of not having the proper ear protection. So once you’re aware of the need to reduce, stifle or block out impulse noises, the focus shifts onto the type of ear protection available and just exactly which is good.

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Ear Protection Classification

There are two different ways we could group the types of ear protection available, one which is according to the design and build variation, while the other is according to the functionality. In terms of the design and build, you have protective earmuffs and protective earplugs. If we classify them according to their functionality, you get passive ear protection and you get electronic ear protection. We’ll go with the design and build classification because both earmuffs and earplugs come as either passive or electronic protection, but also because the choice between earplugs and earmuffs is usually what shooters consider before anything else.

For comfort, while wearing, a lot of protective earmuffs have cushions built into the earcups and different types of materials are used. The common types of materials used for the entire protective earmuff structure normally include metal, steel, plastic and sometimes rubber. Fabrics are also sometimes used, so too sponge and even Styrofoam or polystyrene (mainly for the noise-stifling effect).

Electronic and Passive Earmuffs

Passive earmuffs only get their name as a result of the introduction of electronic earmuffs, which actually date right back to some of the earliest days of the mass production of protective earmuffs. Passive earmuffs are referred to that way because their sole function is to block out or reduce the loud and dangerous noise generated by gunshots or heavy-duty industrial workplaces. Manufacturers will usually then highlight features such as their Noise Reduction Rating, which is perhaps the highest in passive earmuffs because that’s pretty much what they’re all about. Other frequently highlighted features would then include the likes of size, particularly if they’re smaller than the market norm, as well as comfort.

Electronic earmuffs incorporate some electronically operated functions which are typically powered by batteries. These functions usually include features such as amplification via microphones which pick up ambient sounds of the environment and the ability for you to listen to an audio source via an input jack, such as plugging in your MP3 player, iPod, or two-way radio transmitter/receiver. So in addition to the built-in NRR, what electronic earmuffs often give you is directional sound awareness, which means you can hear those sounds you’d ideally want to hear and be able to tell which direction they’re coming from, while the noise from your gun going off is reduced to a safe level for your ears.

So ultimately passive earmuffs would be typically used to just offer noise protection at the shooting range (indoors), while the electronic ones would probably most likely be used in the outdoors, so you can hear voices, animal sounds, and other safe ambient environmental sounds.

The advantages protective earmuffs carry include:

  1. Easy maintenance since they’re normally one solidly-built unit with very little moving parts
  2. Most users only need to buy the one available size without worrying about any fitting hassles
  3. It’s very hard to misplace or lose what is mostly a large, conspicuous item
  4. You can find a wide range of Noise Reduction Ratings with the different earmuffs available

Protective Earplugs

Protective earplugs are then naturally the alternative to earmuffs with their most noticeable difference being the much, much smaller size. Earplugs go right inside your ear canal openings as opposed to over your ears with the use of ear-cups, as is the case with earmuffs. Earplug manufacturers tend to take things a step further with their options, though, since you have disposable earplugs in addition to those built to last longer and for repeated use.

Reusable earplugs are usually made of tougher plastics, silicone, polymer, and other more durable materials.

Electronic vs. passive earplugs

As is the case with earmuffs, earplugs also come in passive and electronic variations. Because of their single focus, mostly you’ll find that disposable earplugs offer the highest NRR you’ll ever find across all types of ear protection. Obviously, the disposable earplugs would be the passive variety.

Electronic earplugs pretty much offer the same features as their earmuff counterparts, with their size advantage giving rise to many other advantages:

  1. They’re small which makes them very easy to carry around
  2. A lot more comfortable (in most cases) than earmuffs because they’re just much smaller and make less contact with the surface of your skin
  3. They allow you full freedom while shooting, even in tight spaces or outdoor shooting environments with thick shrubbery, etc

Earplugs make use of less overall material, so they’re often much, much cheaper than earmuffs offering the same features and same NR Rating.

How Hearing Protectors Work

As an avid shooter or even if you’re an industrial worker who works in very loud workspaces, by now you’ll be aware of the need to protect your hearing with the use of protective earmuffs or earplugs. You might even already use some sort of hearing protection, but whether you’re using protective earplugs or earmuffs, you’re probably also curious as to exactly how they work to reduce or cancel out dangerous noise levels.

When Sound Becomes Dangerous NoiseHow Hearing Protectors Work

In order to unpack exactly how hearing protectors work, one first has to understand exactly what they’re protecting your ears from. The sound is measured in a unit called decibels (dB), which is nothing more than a measure of the sound wave’s intensity or pressure. Basically, when someone whispers to you and you can hear them, what your ears are exposed to are about 30 dB of sound intensity, which is a comfortable pressure for your ears. So the sound waves are hitting your hearing receptors (small hairs on the inside of your ear) at an intensity you can handle and are very comfortable with. The human ear can handle up to between 80-90 dB of sound intensity and beyond that the intensity with which such loud noises hit your eardrum can cause damage to your receptors. This can even cause permanent damage in the form of permanent hearing loss. Gunshots can range from between 140 to 160 dB, which is far above what can cause damage to your hearing. That’s way too much pressure than what your ears can handle.

Physical / Mechanical Protection

Scientifically, it’s not known to be the absolute best conductor of sound waves, but the air is still one of the best conductors of sound and surely the best which is primarily exposed to the human ear. So when you pop on a set of earmuffs or earplugs to protect your ears from harmfully loud sound waves, you’re deploying a physical mechanism of protection. You’re simply putting a physical barrier between the receptors in your ear and the intense sound waves generated by something like a loud gunshot.

Materials

The materials used in protective ear gear are essentially the best choice of elements which absorb or deflect harmful sound waves effectively, while also being safe for use in a device which comes into very close contact with human organs such as our skin, ears, etc.

In the case of passive earplugs, some of which are even disposable and designed for single usage, it’s simply a matter of the plugs fitting tightly into your ear canal opening to block out sound waves from entering. If you can’t hear anything at all, then they’re probably airtight earplugs which block out all the sound waves as well. The design is a little different in the case of earmuffs in that the ear-cups are big and conspicuous, and they normally cover your ears completely. Similarly to earplugs, though, this is merely a physical barrier which blocks out or reduces the noise you’re exposed to via the use of sound wave blocking and absorbing materials. Passive earmuffs aren’t usually disposable, though, but are rather usually designed for re-use. They normally last very long as they’re usually very tough-built.

Both passive earplugs and earmuffs usually have a very high Noise Reduction Rating, leading the industry standard with ratings of up to 34dB and more. Because of the manner in which the often slightly flexible material used in earplugs fits into the ear opening, the protective earplugs with the highest NRR rating are often well above the best rating offered by earmuffs.

Electronics Integration

In the case of passive earplugs and earmuffs, the manufacturers pretty much just take into account one aspect, which is getting the highest possible NRR. Other considerations they may incorporate include comfort and durability, which is why they can indeed achieve a very high NRR. The high NRR comes down to the materials used, the materials’ density, and how it is shaped (structural profile).

When electronics are integrated, however, the volume of materials used needs to be reduced in order to accommodate those electronic features and their associated functions. Properties such as the thickness of the polystyrene foam used in ear-cups give way a little to something like a magnetic speaker which is connected to a miniature amplification unit and perhaps even a tiny integrated circuit board. Naturally, this then eats into what would have been a much higher NRR because of less noise-reducing materials used, but what you now get are functions such as the mentioned amplification and the ability to listen to audio via an input jack.

Electronic ear-protectors are usually powered by an integrated battery source, but some of them have an onboard rechargeable power supply unit. The onboard power doesn’t usually last as long as those which use regular batteries such as AA or AAA sizes.

The “magic” of electronic ear-protectors resides in their basic functionality, which can be distilled down to just blocking out harmful loud noises (such as those of a gun) and picking up those sounds you’d still want to hear, such as human voices, running game, etc. These ambient sounds of the environment are picked up by the ear protector’s external microphones and are then amplified if required, otherwise, they’re just delivered to your ears as if you didn’t have any earplugs or earmuffs on. The option to plug in an audio input device and listen to music or communicate via radio is perhaps a bonus, otherwise, the same noise-reducing materials are used in electronic ear protectors as passive protectors. The only difference is less of that material is used to make a bit of space for more of the electronics which go into electronic ear protectors.

Best Ear Protection For Shooting Comparision Chart

PRODUCTPRICEWEIGHTNRR RATINGS
New Howard Leight Impact Sport Earmuff
$$17 pounds22
Howard Leight by Honeywell R-01530 Electronic Earmuff
$$15 ounces22
3M Peltor X-Series Over-the-Head Earmuffs
$lightweight31
3M Peltor TacticalPro Communications Headset
$$$13.6 ounces26
Peltor Sport Tactical 100 Electronic Hearing Protector
$$1.2 pounds22
3M PELTOR TEP-100 Tactical Digital Earplug
$$$8.16 ounces23
ClearArmor 141001 Safety Ear Muffs
$9.4 ounces34
MSA Sordin DIGITAL SUPREME PRO X
$$$14.4 ounces19
Howard Leight 1030110 Sync Noise-Blocking Stereo Earmuff
$14.4 ounces25
3M Peltor MT15H7B 370-SV Tactical Pro Neckband
$$$1.5 pounds25

Wrap-Up

The excitement of taking your newly-bought firearm out for a good session at the shooting range or for hunting should be accompanied by the consideration of your health and safety. In addition to other accessories such as shooting glasses, the best ear muffs for shooting should be as comfortable as possible and not cause you to dread putting them on because at the end of the day it’s about protecting your hearing. We hope that our ear protection reviews for shooting helped to point you in the right direction because it can be very hard to make that final decision on the right set for you.